Tagesexkursion an jüdische Orte in den Landkreisen Rhön-Grabfeld und Bad Kissingen, 31.05.2015

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Die zehnte und vorläufig letzte Exkursion des Kooperationsprojektes „Landjudentum in Unterfranken“ führte am Sonntag, den 31. Mai 2015 in die Landkreise Rhön-Grabfeld und Bad Kissingen. Besucht wurden mit über 50 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern Kleineibstadt, Neustädtles und Bad Kissingen.

 

In Kleineibstadt existierte bis ins Jahr 1937 eine jüdische Gemeinde, deren Ursprünge bis in das 17./18. Jahrhundert zurückgehen. Die jüdischen Familien standen unter dem Schutz der Freiherren von Münster, die in Kleineibstadt ein Schloss besaßen.

Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts zählte die jüdische Gemeinde rund 50 Familien, 1925 lebten hier nur noch 24 jüdische Einwohner. An Einrichtungen besaß die Gemeinde eine Synagoge, eine jüdische Schule sowie eine Mikwe – das rituelle Tauchbad.

Nach einer Begrüßung des Bürgermeisters Emil Sebald übernahm Gästeführer Reinhold Albert das Programm rund um die Geschichte der Juden im Ort und der Synagoge. Diese wurde im Jahr 1827 erbaut, davor besuchte die jüdische Gemeinde die Synagoge in Kleinbardorf.  Im Jahr 1937 wurde die Gemeinde vom Verband der Bayerischen Israelitischen Gemeinden aufgelöst und das Gebäude für 750 Reichsmark verkauft. Nach 1945 diente es als Lagerplatz einer Firma, heute ist es ein Privathaus, das extra für die Besichtigung geöffnet wurde.

 

Anschließend besichtigte die Gruppe den jüdischen Friedhof Neustädtles unter Leitung der Gästeführerin Elisabeth Böhrer.

Hierbei handelte es sich um einen Bezirksfriedhof für die Gemeinden Oberelsbach mit Weisbach, Nordheim und Willmars. In Neustädtles selbst existierte keine jüdische Gemeinde.

Eine Zählung nach dem 2. Weltkrieg ergab 390 Grabsteine, die auf den älteren Teil im Süden und neueren Teil im Norden des Friedhofs verteilt sind. Die letzte Beisetzung fand im Jahr 1938 statt, der älteste Grabstein soll von 1749 stammen. Neben der Geschichte des jüdischen Friedhofs ging Frau Böhrer auch speziell auf einige Grabsteine, wie die von Jakob und Caroline Stein, ein und erklärte die die typischen Symbole jüdischer Grabsteine, wie die segnende Hände, die auf den Stamm der Cohen (Priestergeschlecht) hinweisen oder die sog. „Levitenkanne“.

 

Nach einer Pause in Ostheim fuhr die Gruppe nach Bad Kissingen zur Besichtigung des jüdischen Gemeindehauses. Dieses beinhaltet neben einer Mikwe, einer Laubhütte (Bestandteil des jüdischen Wallfahrtsfestes Sukkot) und einem Betsaal auch die Dauerausstellung „Jüdisches Leben in Bad Kissingen“.

Nach einer Begrüßung von Evelyn Bartetzko gab Tabea Bauer eine kurze Einführung zur jüdischen Geschichte in Bad Kissingen. Erste jüdische Spuren sind seit der Rintfleisch-Verfolgung im Jahr 1298 aufgeführt, größere Niederlassungen jüdischer Familien fanden zwischen 1500 und 1750 statt – hierbei handelte es sich um sog. „Schutzjuden“ der Herren Erthal, die in der „alten Judengasse“ (heutige Grabengasse) lebten und dort im Jahr 1705 eine erste Synagoge errichteten, die um 1851/52 durch einen Neubau an selber Stelle ersetzt wurde. Die neue Synagoge befand sich gegenüber dem Gemeindehaus in der Promenadengasse 1, sie wurde im Jahr 1902 eingeweiht und bereits im April 1939 abgebrochen, nachdem sie beim Novemberpogrom im Jahr 1938 in Brand gesteckt worden war. Danach formierte sich keine neue jüdische Gemeinde in Bad Kissingen.

 

Einmal mehr diente auch diese Exkursion dazu, Interessierten die Möglichkeit zu bieten, die sichtbaren Spuren jüdischer Geschichte im Raum Unterfranken kennen zu lernen. Bisher führten die Exkursionen in die Landkreise Haßberge, Würzburg, Main-Spessart, Kitzingen und Miltenberg sowie in die Stadt Aschaffenburg und den Raum Schweinfurt. Für das Kooperationsprojekt erfüllen die Exkursionen jedoch zugleich die Funktion, die Grundlagen für die touristische Erschließung der jüdischen Landschaft zu leisten, wie sie in Form von Themenwegen, Broschüren oder App’s vorbereitet werden.

Start: 
Sunday, 31. May 2015
Zeitraum: 
Sunday, 31. May 2015

Gefördert durch das Bayerische Staats-ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten und den Europäischen Landwirtschaftsfond für die Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums (ELER)